Introduction
The Mills Brothers were an American vocal quartet that revolutionized popular music with their smooth harmonies and unique ability to mimic instruments with their voices. Their career spanned over seven decades, influencing generations of musicians and shaping the evolution of jazz, pop, and rhythm and blues.
Early Life and Formation
The Mills Brothers—John Jr., Herbert, Harry, and Donald—were born in Piqua, Ohio, to John Hutchinson Mills and Eathel Mills. They grew up immersed in music, influenced by their father’s barbershop quartet experience.
Their journey into music began at a young age, performing at church and local events. The brothers accidentally discovered their ability to replicate musical instruments vocally when they forgot their kazoo at a performance, leading John Jr. to imitate a trumpet sound with his voice. This discovery became their signature sound.
Rise to Fame (1928–1930s)
The group moved to Cincinnati and started performing on radio station WLW. Their big break came when Duke Ellington’s orchestra member heard them and recommended them to Okeh Records. Their first hit, “Tiger Rag” (1931), showcased their remarkable vocal mimicry and became a national sensation.
In 1932, they became the first African American artists to host a national radio show, sponsored by the cigarette brand Camel. Their success continued with hits like “Goodbye Blues”, “Dinah”, and “You Always Hurt the One You Love”. They recorded with legendary artists like Bing Crosby, Louis Armstrong, and Ella Fitzgerald.
World War II and Post-War Success (1940s–1950s)
The death of John Jr. in 1936 led to their father, John Sr., stepping in as a replacement. During World War II, the group adapted to changing musical styles, incorporating swing and traditional pop elements. Their post-war hits, including “Paper Doll” (1943) and “Glow Worm” (1952), became some of their most enduring songs.
Cultural and Social Impact
The Mills Brothers played a significant role in breaking racial barriers in the music industry. At a time when segregation was widespread, they were among the first African American artists to gain mainstream acceptance and commercial success. Their ability to appeal to diverse audiences helped bridge racial divides in the entertainment industry.
Their influence extended beyond music. Their smooth, harmonic style inspired later doo-wop, R&B, and pop artists, including The Ink Spots, The Temptations, and The Beach Boys. They paved the way for future African American groups to achieve crossover success.
Later Years and Legacy (1960s–1990s)
The group continued performing into the 1960s and 1970s, adjusting to contemporary music trends. After Herbert’s death in 1989, Donald continued performing under the Mills Brothers name until his passing in 1999.
The Mills Brothers received multiple accolades, including a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1998. Their influence is evident in modern vocal harmony groups, and their recordings remain an essential part of American music history.
Conclusion
The Mills Brothers’ legacy is one of innovation, resilience, and cultural impact. Their vocal mastery and pioneering efforts in breaking racial barriers made them one of the most influential vocal groups of the 20th century. Their timeless music continues to inspire and captivate audiences around the world.
YouTube Topic Channel:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsbJSvfwzhdjUzHguKaIu-w
References:
- Millender, Dharathula H. The Mills Brothers: Four Boys and a Guitar. Chicago Review Press, 2002.
- “The Mills Brothers.” The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Retrieved from rockhall.com.
- Whitburn, Joel. Top Pop Records 1940-1955. Record Research, 1973.
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